Carnelian is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semi-precious gemstone. Sard is similar to carnelian but is generally harder and darker. The difference is not rigidly defined and hence the two names are often interchanged.

Both carnelian and sard are varieties of the silica mineral chalcedony colored by iron oxide as an impurity. The color can vary greatly, ranging from pale orange to an intense almost-black coloration.

Carnelian is one of the birthstones listed in the ancient Arabic, Hebrew, Italian and Roman tables and is a Zodiac birthstone for the signs of Leo and Virgo. Most Carnelian is heat treated today to enhance its natural color.

Folklore suggests that carnelian was used protect the traveler after death. Carnelian helps to purify the blood. It relieves menstrual cramps and back pain. It is worn to enhance passion and desire in women.

Carnelian is a 7 on the Moh’s hardness. It has been used to carve beautiful cameos since many centuries. It is found in Australia, Brazil, Madagascar, Russia, South Africa, and the USA.